Recommandations/troubleshooting

Work in a virtual machine

As soon as you want to "play" with Android ROMs, you will need to install and try softwares and drivers from different sources.

If not for security, just keep your (host) system clean from them and work with a fresh Windows setup in a sandbox VM. This will eventually save you from fighting hours into painful drivers problems. Just do a VM snapshot before installing anything, then roll back when you are done with the phone.

Cables and USB ports

Using third-party USB cables can keep your device unrecognized from your desktop. If you can't get the phone to communicate (file transfert) with Windows, you may want to try another USB ports, then try another cables. Usually the stock one will work great.

Backup

Backup all your files, photos, videos, contacts, apps, conversations, etc before doing anything on your phone.

Step 1 - Prerequisites

An older version of LineageOS installed on your phone :)
Phone connected through USB with the PC (Windows)
USB Debugging enabled on the phone
Samsung USB drivers installed (https://developer.samsung.com/android-usb-driver)
adb tools installed (https://dl.google.com/android/repository/platform-tools-latest-windows.zip)
Check that adb recognizes the phone with the command adb.exe devices

PS C:\Users\User\Desktop\adb> .\adb.exe devices
List of devices attached
RF8MB36D3LP     device

Step 2 - Upgrade with abd

Download latest Lineage OS ROM (.zip file) https://download.lineageos.org/beyond0lte or with pre-patched microG https://download.lineage.microg.org/beyond0lte, depending on which you're using
In powershell run the following command adb.exe sideload, the phone will restart in Lineage Recovery
As soon as the Recovery screen's up, run adb.exe sideload path\to\ROM.zip

PS C:\Users\User\Desktop\adb> .\adb.exe sideload ..\lineage-20.0-20230502-microG-beyond0lte.zip
serving: '..\lineage-20.0-20230502-microG-beyond0lte.zip'  (~1%)

Wait until the upgrade is done, and restart the phone as soon as LineageOS Recovery offers you to do so. NB : on the Windows side, abd may looks like it is stuck to 47% : this is normal.